Con el armamento antitanque actual, las técnicas de camuflaje, y en situación defensiva, no importa el número ni la calidad de los tanques, importa el número de infantes dotados de lanzagranadas/misiles.
No es eso lo que opinan los que tienen experiencia en ello.
Me cito en una discusión al respecto en el hilo de las FAS de Colombia:
Pregunta en Irak versiones 91 y 03´, o en Georgia,.... a ver si pararon el gancho de izquierda de Desert Storm o la blitzkrieg del 2003 o la ofensiva rusa.
Libano. Las tropas acorazadas israelies sufrieron la muerte de un total de 23 de sus soldados. 15 de esas muertes, provocadas por ATGM y 7 por minas. El que falta, probablemente un comandante de carro alcanzado mientras estaba asomado por la escotilla. Tanques perdidos por ATGM, seis (6). Despues de cientos de enfrentamientos, solo se reportaron 9 incidentes donde los ATGM fueron capaces de provocar muertes a soldados en el interior de los vehiculos, esto incluye los APC, no solo los tanques.
Brigadier General Halutzi Rodoi, the chief of the IDF Armored Corps was asked to assess the performance of his tank force and especially the lessons drawn from the fighting against advanced anti-tank missiles fired by Hezbollah on the coveted Merkava Mk4, which saw its first combat engagement in Lebanon. According to General Rodoi, the Merkava proved to be well protected and designed to minimize the risk even when it was penetrated.
The IDF employed several hundred tanks in combat. According to official reports, about ten percent were hit by various threats. Less than half of the hits penetrated. In overall assessment, the potential risk to crewmen would have been much higher, if the tank would be of a conventional design. A colonel commanding an armored brigade, which bore the brunt of battle, mentioned in an interview that during the war that hundreds of antitank missiles were fired on his unit and in total only 18 tanks were seriously damaged. Of those, missiles actually penetrated only five or six vehicles and according to statistics, only two tanks were totally destroyed, however, both by super-heavy IED charges.[/b]
http://defense-update.com/analysis/lebanon_war_3.htm
During operations against Hezbollah in South Lebanon, IDF Merkava Mk 4 tanks endured several attacks by anti-tank guided missiles, RPGs, IEDs and heavy belly charges. Merkava crews suffered several casualties, and tanks were damaged. Overall, the new tanks demonstrated supperior protection and endurance, compared to earlier models. Some of the damaged tanks have already been put back to service, following repairs at the IDF depot. This series of photos shows an event near the Israeli vilage of Metula, just across the border, where a section of Merkava tanks, supported by infantry troops moved to asist recovery operations of a Puma armored engineer vehicle carrying a Carpet counter-mine system, which overturned from the narrow mountainous road into a ravine. [b]During these operations, Hezbollah tank-hunter team launched several anti-tank missiles at the Merkava tanks, hitting and damaging one of the tanks while the other lost a track over the steep roadside. Eventually, all tanks were recovered safely, included three wounded soldiers from the AIFV.
http://defense-update.com/2006_08_01_de ... chive.html
According to various Israeli and Western sources, during the course of battle in Lebanon, between 46 and 50 Merkava main battle tanks (of the 400 deployed) and 14 APCs were hit by anti-tank weapons, including 22 incidents where tank armour and 5 cases where APC armour was penetrated. Another six tanks and at least one APC were blown up by mines and IDEs.
Of those tanks hit by anti-tank weapons, 18 were the newest Merkava Mk 4 version (from the 401st armoured brigade), and six of these had their armour penetrated. Twenty-three tank and five APC crew members were killed. A large number of anti-tank guide-missiles and RPG grenades hit the tanks, but in most cases these did little damage. It was reported that one of the Merkava Mk 4 tanks survived 23 hits from anti-tank guided—missiles before it was finally disabled and its armour penetrated. All penetrations of Merkava armour, according to Israeli statements, were achieved by the Konkurs, Metis-M and Kornet-E anti-tank guided—missiles, and the RPG-29 rocket-propelled grenades. If one considers that 22 of 50 tanks had their armour penetrated, that gives a penetration rate of 44% (and only 33% for the Merkava Mk 4). According to Israeli Army statistics, the penetration rate for tanks during the 1982 Lebanon War was 47%, and 60% during the 1973 War. The crew casualties rate was also much higher in 2006 at 0.5 crew member for each damaged tank, while the rate per disabled tank in 1973 War is one full crew member.
The number of irrecoverable tank losses among those damaged, according to recent Israeli publications, was five altogether, of which two (a Merkava Mk 2 and Mk 4) were destroyed by IDEs and three tanks were completely burned out after hits by guided anti-tank guided—missiles. This attests to the high degree of protection afforded by the most modern Merkava Mk 4 tanks, which could be damaged only by the most modern anti-tank weapons with powerful tandem HEAT warheads hitting, it would seem, weakened armoured zones.
http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2007/item2/item1/
From the point of view of relevance to our context, the employment of Russian third generation Anti-tank Guided Missiles merits the closest attention. The Israeli made Merkava is said to be the worlds most highly protected/heavily armoured tank. Despite use of Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA), 45 percent of Israeli tanks that sustained hits were penetrated.
Alon Ben David writing in the 11 Oct, 06 issue of the Janes Defense Weekly states that Israeli Merkava mark 1, 2, 3 and 4 MBT (Main Battle Tanks) were confronted with an array of Russian ATGMS to include:
■Kornet E-9 P133 “This is claimed to be able to penetrate 1 to 1.2 metres of armour protected by ERA”. This has a Semi Automatic Command Line of Sight laser beam riding guidance system and a range of 5km
■Metis – M9M131 This is equipped with a tandem High Explosive Anti-tank (HEAT) war head and a range of 2 km
■Konkurs 9K113 (ATS) This is an older version ATGM. Also called AT - 5 (Spandrel) this has a range of 4kms and has a shaped charge
■Fagot 9K111(AT-4) The bulk of the ATGMs used were of this type which was available to the Hezbollah in very large numbers. This was first used in the 1973 Arab-Israeli war along with AT-3 Sagger and AT-4 Spigot. The Sagger was used in large numbers (as much as 30-40 at a time)
■RPG 29. This is a tandem war head rocket propelled grenade (the first ambush that triggered this war was done with this weapon)41
The penetration rate of US made Israeli MBT by first generation Russian ATGMs was 60 percent in the Yom Kippur war. Tremendous improvements in armour (sandwiched/laminated armour and ERA) brought it down to 47 percent in the 1982 Lebanon war. Two crewmen were killed in each penetrated MBT in the 1973 war. The Merkava tank design seeks to enhance crew protection by putting the engine in front. Statistically the crew attrition rate was brought down to 1.6 crew member killed per tank penetration.42 Out of some 20 Israeli MBTs destroyed in this war, 14 were lost to ATGMs (mostly Russian third generation ATGMs) However, the crew loss rate has now been brought down to approximately one per penetration.43
Tactical Aspects
Part of this high penetration rate is attributed to tactical errors by the Israeli Armour. Retired Brigadier General Avigder Klein said that instead of leading wide offensives, small armoured formations were sent on isolated rescue and covering mission. This unnecessarily exposed them to the ATGMs.44
http://www.indiandefencereview.com/2007 ... ofile.html
Bueno...parece que ni los israelies, ni los americanos, ni los indios... ni siquiera los rusos cuyas armas eran la creme de la creme de lo que tenía Hezbollah, sacaron la misma conclusión que tú... Independientemente del baile de cifras, decir que aún teniendo en cuenta ese baile, yo me creo las cifras israelies. Pero cambia poco. 400 tanques andando por ahí..., cientos y cientos de misiles...y esas son las pérdidas. Olvidate de 1 misil=1 tanque destruido.
El principal problema y fallo que afrontaron las IDF en Libano 06 no fueron los ATGM...si bien es cierto que las tropas iban un poco verdes en lo que respecta a esa amenaza.
Suponiendo que logres ponerte en posición, apuntar, disparar y guiar el misil...que es mucho suponer entre fuego de supresión, infantes de apoyo, tácticas evasivas, aprovechamiento del terreno ( el enemigo no es tonto y también sabe aprovecharlo), aun así, no es tan facil
Ya que pones a los israelíes como ejemplo:
During the Yom Kippur War the IDF lost many tanks to trained Egyptian crews armed with Sagger missiles. Since then, the armored corps has developed tactical maneuvering to counter the threat, mostly based on the missile's relatively slow flight and on the ability of crews to see the incoming missile.
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/828424.html
Military experts around the world drew several conclusions about the nature of antiarmor warfare from the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. Military authorities believed that the ATGM and its supporting cast of RPGs and recoilless rifles dominated the armor battles on the Suez front, although Israeli tanks and aircraft played a large role in defeating the Egyptian armored reserve. In the Golan Heights area, however, tanks dominated the armor battle until its latter stages, when Israeli armor came up against the Syrian defenses before Damascus. Therefore, from the analyst's point of view, neither the ATGMs nor the tanks themselves proved to be the decisive antitank weapons. In the United States, this conclusion fueled the debate that resulted in AirLand Battle doctrine. That doctrine's emphasis on a balanced force for the modern battlefield took into consideration the fact that tanks operating alone are, as Trevor Depuy suggested, "more vulnerable and consequently less valuable, than when employed as part of a combined arms team."
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources ... piller.asp
Ni otro MBT ni los ATGM se demostraron como el arma antitanque decisiva.
But armor was precisely the problem. First, there was not nearly enough of it along the canal to prevent a crossing on a broad front. Second, while Israel had developed its entire doctrine around armored technology, Egypt and Syria had developed a doctrine for combined-arms operations specifically designed to counter Israeli armored tactics. This involved spearheading armored operations by massive artillery bombardments, followed by large formations of infantry armed with hundreds of portable anti-tank weapons. Of course the Israelis were familiar with the existence of these weapons and their presence in the Arab inventories. There was nothing particularly novel about them, after all. What came as a shock to the IDF was the sheer number of them. When the Israeli tanks arrived on the scene, whether in the Sinai or on the Golan front, they were decimated. It was a classic move on the part of the Arabs: striking an Israeli center of gravity with as much force as possible.26
http://www.army.mil/professionalwriting ... _04_4.html
Lo que los "shockeo" no fueron los ATGM en si, fue que hubiese tantos.
Todo esto hace más de tres decadas, los misiles han evolucionado, pero los MBT también, y sobre todo las tácticas, que llevan estudiandose más decadas aún.
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD ... tTRDoc.pdf
Aquello les cogió confiado, y en el Libano, bueno, es una guerra, no pretenderas que no pierdan ni un tanque.
De cualquier modo, la prueba más evidente, es que los ejercitos poderosos, siguen comprando MBT, todos lo que les dejan sus gobiernos, si eso fuese como tu dices, sería tirar el dinero. Y podemos suponer que todos hacemos tonterias durante algun tiempo, o que algunos hacemos tonterías todo el tiempo, pero suponer que todos hacemos tonterías todo el tiempo, es demasiado suponer ...y peligroso suponerlo.
Nada es indestructible, pero también, nada es infalible o inevitable.
Saludos.
We, the people...
¡Sois todos un puñado de socialistas!. (Von Mises)