¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Tangier under Spanish Occupation (1940 - 1945): Hamouda Zeinab
Spain under the Franco dictatorship took advantage of the outbreak of World War II to occupy Tangier on June
14, 1940, thereby actualizing a longstanding Spanish imperialist aspiration to control the city. All the existing
institutions of the international zone were abolished and the city was annexed in full to the Spanish protectorate.
The economic, social and political impacts of the Spanish occupation were negative. This led to many reactions
by the inhabitants of Tangier who rejected the occupation that threw their city into crisis, and dashed their hopes
for a restoration of the rights usurped by the international zone system.
The occupation ended with the end of the war, and on October 11, 1945 the Spanish withdrew from Tangier, which returned to international control once again, setting the stage for a new chapter in the history of Tangiers which, together with other Moroccan cities, quickly moved to make the most of new dynamics in world affairs to demand independence for the country
Spain under the Franco dictatorship took advantage of the outbreak of World War II to occupy Tangier on June
14, 1940, thereby actualizing a longstanding Spanish imperialist aspiration to control the city. All the existing
institutions of the international zone were abolished and the city was annexed in full to the Spanish protectorate.
The economic, social and political impacts of the Spanish occupation were negative. This led to many reactions
by the inhabitants of Tangier who rejected the occupation that threw their city into crisis, and dashed their hopes
for a restoration of the rights usurped by the international zone system.
The occupation ended with the end of the war, and on October 11, 1945 the Spanish withdrew from Tangier, which returned to international control once again, setting the stage for a new chapter in the history of Tangiers which, together with other Moroccan cities, quickly moved to make the most of new dynamics in world affairs to demand independence for the country
- tercioidiaquez
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Parece que hay quien está descubriendo ahora lo jodida que estuvo España en la posguerra. Para eso no hace falta enlaces, lo podemos contar nosotros...
“…Las piezas de campaña se perdieron; bandera de español ninguna…” Duque de Alba tras la batalla de Heiligerlee.
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
sergiopl
Comentaste que no conocías datos sobre la producción y economía soviética. Existen varios libros escritos por Mark Harrison, como "Accounting for war; soviet production, employment, and the defence burden, 1940-1945"
Yo solo he podido ojear las versiones disponibles en google, así que si algún día adquieres alguno avisa y comenta...
Comentaste que no conocías datos sobre la producción y economía soviética. Existen varios libros escritos por Mark Harrison, como "Accounting for war; soviet production, employment, and the defence burden, 1940-1945"
Yo solo he podido ojear las versiones disponibles en google, así que si algún día adquieres alguno avisa y comenta...
A todo hombre tarde o temprano le llega la muerte ¿Y cómo puede morir mejor un hombre que afrontando temibles opciones, defendiendo las cenizas de sus padres y los templos de sus dioses?" T. M.
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
What next? The German strategy crisis during the summer of 1940: Leonard S. Cooley, Jr.
Conclussion
By the end of 1940, Germany had lost the best opportunity it would have to attack and defeat Great Britain. Due to considerable military and political risk, Hitler failed to confront Britain at a time when the situation was most favorable for Germany. Hitler had wasted precious time during June and July as he waited in vain for Britain to accept his peace terms. In September, as the army completed its preparations for a landing in southern England, he called off the operation after the Luftwaffe failed to defeat the RAF.
Focusing on Gibraltar as an alternative from October until December, Hitler tried to secure Spain’s entry into the war and support for FELIX. Franco repeatedly denied both. As December drew to a close, Hitler promised Raeder that he would renew his efforts to gain Spanish approval for an operation against Gibraltar. In reality, Hitler hardly tried and FELIX faded into history much like SEA LION. By then, he was focused on problems in the Balkans and was planning for Operation BARBAROSSA.
Until SEA LION was postponed indefinitely on October 12, 1940, Hitler repeatedly had acknowledged that direct invasion was the surest strategy to defeat the British. His realized the importance of attacking and defeating Great Britain, but he could not bring himself to begin the operation. Hitler’s behavior and decisions wereerratic, and he often misled his own military and civilian leaders. This lack of direction resulted in many wasted man-hours spent planning operations that never took place, redeploying and training troops for these operations, and most importantly it gave the British time to recover from their initial defeats. After the war, the famous German tactician General Fritz Erich von Lewinski Manstein wrote in his book Lost Victories:
When the head of a State or a war machine has to ask himself ‘What next?’ after his military operations have entirely fulfilled – or, as in this case, far exceeded – his expectations, leading to one enemy’s defeat and causing the other to beat a retreat to his island fastness, onecannot help wondering whether such a thing as a ‘war plan’ ever existed on the German side. Von Manstein placed the blame for Germany’s failure squarely on the shoulders of Hitler, because he refused to listen to his military commanders on matters of strategy.
Hitler himself made clear that his views on military planning were what mattered and “the fact that all three service staffs conducted their own internal studies of long-term policy made not a scrap of difference.”
Hitler’s lack of knowledge and fear of naval operations may explain his failure to plan for an invasion of England immediately after the conquest of France. “I am watershy,” he once remarked. “On land I am a lion, but on the water I don’t know where to begin.” Hitler’s anxiety with regard to amphibious operations was apparent early in 1940 during the Norwegian campaign. After a successful landing at the strategic Norwegian town of Narvik, German Alpine troops under the command of General Edward Dietl became trapped by a larger Allied naval task force. Hitler flew into a panic. He ordered Keitel to draft a desperate evacuation order. Keitel never sent the order and Dietl’s position improved, but the incident illustrated Hitler’s insecurities concerning naval matters.
After SEA LION’s viability began to appear less and less likely, Hitler looked more closely at options in the Mediterranean area. He pondered possibilities from Libya to Gibraltar. His military leaders tried to show that capture of Gibraltar would be the most effective way to attack Great Britain without having to place a large segment of the German military machine at risk—and this is a point to which Hitler and his generals returned again and again during late 1940. This option should have appealed to Hitler. It would be a land-based operation on the European continent—his area of expertise. By early December, he had invested a significant amount of political prestige in trying to get Franco’s approval for FELIX. Hitler recognized the importance of Gibraltar, its effect on the war in the Mediterranean, and the immense benefit to be had by its capture; however, he hesitated to order his military to march through Spain and capture it. Why? Hitler asked Franco twice for an unequivocal commitment to enter the war; both times Franco told Hitler no. Why did Hitler allow Spain to remain neutral? According to historian Wayne Bowen, Hitler was: Distracted by the Battle of Britain and focused on acquiring territory in the East, Hitler made a strategic blunder of monumental proportions after the collapse of France. Spain could not have resisted a German invasion, nor would the population, still exhausted after the Spanish Civil War, have been able to put up mu ch of a fight. In short, Hitler allowed Franco to say no and later blamed the Spanish dictator for his own inattention to the importance of Spain and Gibraltar.
At the time, Hitler, however, feared that any forced entry into Spain would degenerate into conflict similar to Napoleon’s Peninsular War.6 At a military conference on January 9, 1941, he ordered that all preparations for FELIX be discontinued. With this order, Hitler closed the book on what was Germany’s best opportunity for successfully attacking Great Britain in 1940 and improving its strategic position, and that of its weaker Axis ally, Italy.
After the end of the war there was debate in German military circles on which course would have produced the best results in 1940. Von Manstein wrote that the failure to launch an invasion of Great Britain had been the greatest strategic blunder. Although he acknowledged the risk, he believed that the possible victory would be much more complete. He did not see action at Gibraltar and in the Mediterranean as decisive.
Britain’s lifeline to its Far and Middle East colonies would remain open around the Cape of Good Hope. It was only the capture of the English Isles that would remove the looming threat to Germany’s western flank. Admiral Raeder did not share von Manstein’s view of the situation. He was horrified at the prospect of launching an invasion of Great Britain. In April 1940, he had lost most of his surface fleet in the Norwegian campaign. With his remaining meager resources, he foresaw little hope of defending the invasion armada and its subsequent supply lines from determined attacks by the British Royal Navy. But at Gibraltar, he saw real possibilities. If Gibraltar was in German hands, the British could be forced out of the western Mediterranean and the Reich might have been able to establish an effective blockade of Great Britain. Furthermore, the capture of Gibraltar might have led to a successful Axis drive on Cairo and the oil- rich Middle East at minimal risk to German forces. Raeder tried in vain to impress these views on Hitler.
By early 1941, Hitler had changed his focused to his ideological enemy in the East and regarded the Mediterranean as a mere sideshow. 9 He had returned to his prewar worldview expressed in Mein Kampf, of expanding his control into the USSR and of eliminating the communist threat. In addition, Hitler reasoned that if Moscow were defeated London would have few options other than to end the war through a negotiated peace. Although he expressed grave concern in Mein Kampf about a two- front war, Hitler now brushed away these concerns, and assumed that Germany would win a rapid victory in the East. In Hitler’s opinion, Germany’s best chance for victory was fighting a preventative war against Stalin.
After the fact, Hitler must have realized his error in not seizing Gibraltar in 1940 when he had no other military commitments. According to historian Charles Burdick, Hitler believed that “Spain was the key to Germany’s defeat.” In early 1945, as Germany was crumbling, Hitler himself stated that “taking advantage of the enthusiasm we had aroused in Spain and the shock to which we had subjected Britain, we ought to have attacked Gibraltar in the summer of 1940, immediately after the defeat of France.”
Hitler was possibly correct in this hindsight analysis. For after the summer of 1940, Great Britain was never again in danger of being invaded and defeated. The island nation eventually became a springboard for the second front, which led to Germany’s defeat.
Conclussion
By the end of 1940, Germany had lost the best opportunity it would have to attack and defeat Great Britain. Due to considerable military and political risk, Hitler failed to confront Britain at a time when the situation was most favorable for Germany. Hitler had wasted precious time during June and July as he waited in vain for Britain to accept his peace terms. In September, as the army completed its preparations for a landing in southern England, he called off the operation after the Luftwaffe failed to defeat the RAF.
Focusing on Gibraltar as an alternative from October until December, Hitler tried to secure Spain’s entry into the war and support for FELIX. Franco repeatedly denied both. As December drew to a close, Hitler promised Raeder that he would renew his efforts to gain Spanish approval for an operation against Gibraltar. In reality, Hitler hardly tried and FELIX faded into history much like SEA LION. By then, he was focused on problems in the Balkans and was planning for Operation BARBAROSSA.
Until SEA LION was postponed indefinitely on October 12, 1940, Hitler repeatedly had acknowledged that direct invasion was the surest strategy to defeat the British. His realized the importance of attacking and defeating Great Britain, but he could not bring himself to begin the operation. Hitler’s behavior and decisions wereerratic, and he often misled his own military and civilian leaders. This lack of direction resulted in many wasted man-hours spent planning operations that never took place, redeploying and training troops for these operations, and most importantly it gave the British time to recover from their initial defeats. After the war, the famous German tactician General Fritz Erich von Lewinski Manstein wrote in his book Lost Victories:
When the head of a State or a war machine has to ask himself ‘What next?’ after his military operations have entirely fulfilled – or, as in this case, far exceeded – his expectations, leading to one enemy’s defeat and causing the other to beat a retreat to his island fastness, onecannot help wondering whether such a thing as a ‘war plan’ ever existed on the German side. Von Manstein placed the blame for Germany’s failure squarely on the shoulders of Hitler, because he refused to listen to his military commanders on matters of strategy.
Hitler himself made clear that his views on military planning were what mattered and “the fact that all three service staffs conducted their own internal studies of long-term policy made not a scrap of difference.”
Hitler’s lack of knowledge and fear of naval operations may explain his failure to plan for an invasion of England immediately after the conquest of France. “I am watershy,” he once remarked. “On land I am a lion, but on the water I don’t know where to begin.” Hitler’s anxiety with regard to amphibious operations was apparent early in 1940 during the Norwegian campaign. After a successful landing at the strategic Norwegian town of Narvik, German Alpine troops under the command of General Edward Dietl became trapped by a larger Allied naval task force. Hitler flew into a panic. He ordered Keitel to draft a desperate evacuation order. Keitel never sent the order and Dietl’s position improved, but the incident illustrated Hitler’s insecurities concerning naval matters.
After SEA LION’s viability began to appear less and less likely, Hitler looked more closely at options in the Mediterranean area. He pondered possibilities from Libya to Gibraltar. His military leaders tried to show that capture of Gibraltar would be the most effective way to attack Great Britain without having to place a large segment of the German military machine at risk—and this is a point to which Hitler and his generals returned again and again during late 1940. This option should have appealed to Hitler. It would be a land-based operation on the European continent—his area of expertise. By early December, he had invested a significant amount of political prestige in trying to get Franco’s approval for FELIX. Hitler recognized the importance of Gibraltar, its effect on the war in the Mediterranean, and the immense benefit to be had by its capture; however, he hesitated to order his military to march through Spain and capture it. Why? Hitler asked Franco twice for an unequivocal commitment to enter the war; both times Franco told Hitler no. Why did Hitler allow Spain to remain neutral? According to historian Wayne Bowen, Hitler was: Distracted by the Battle of Britain and focused on acquiring territory in the East, Hitler made a strategic blunder of monumental proportions after the collapse of France. Spain could not have resisted a German invasion, nor would the population, still exhausted after the Spanish Civil War, have been able to put up mu ch of a fight. In short, Hitler allowed Franco to say no and later blamed the Spanish dictator for his own inattention to the importance of Spain and Gibraltar.
At the time, Hitler, however, feared that any forced entry into Spain would degenerate into conflict similar to Napoleon’s Peninsular War.6 At a military conference on January 9, 1941, he ordered that all preparations for FELIX be discontinued. With this order, Hitler closed the book on what was Germany’s best opportunity for successfully attacking Great Britain in 1940 and improving its strategic position, and that of its weaker Axis ally, Italy.
After the end of the war there was debate in German military circles on which course would have produced the best results in 1940. Von Manstein wrote that the failure to launch an invasion of Great Britain had been the greatest strategic blunder. Although he acknowledged the risk, he believed that the possible victory would be much more complete. He did not see action at Gibraltar and in the Mediterranean as decisive.
Britain’s lifeline to its Far and Middle East colonies would remain open around the Cape of Good Hope. It was only the capture of the English Isles that would remove the looming threat to Germany’s western flank. Admiral Raeder did not share von Manstein’s view of the situation. He was horrified at the prospect of launching an invasion of Great Britain. In April 1940, he had lost most of his surface fleet in the Norwegian campaign. With his remaining meager resources, he foresaw little hope of defending the invasion armada and its subsequent supply lines from determined attacks by the British Royal Navy. But at Gibraltar, he saw real possibilities. If Gibraltar was in German hands, the British could be forced out of the western Mediterranean and the Reich might have been able to establish an effective blockade of Great Britain. Furthermore, the capture of Gibraltar might have led to a successful Axis drive on Cairo and the oil- rich Middle East at minimal risk to German forces. Raeder tried in vain to impress these views on Hitler.
By early 1941, Hitler had changed his focused to his ideological enemy in the East and regarded the Mediterranean as a mere sideshow. 9 He had returned to his prewar worldview expressed in Mein Kampf, of expanding his control into the USSR and of eliminating the communist threat. In addition, Hitler reasoned that if Moscow were defeated London would have few options other than to end the war through a negotiated peace. Although he expressed grave concern in Mein Kampf about a two- front war, Hitler now brushed away these concerns, and assumed that Germany would win a rapid victory in the East. In Hitler’s opinion, Germany’s best chance for victory was fighting a preventative war against Stalin.
After the fact, Hitler must have realized his error in not seizing Gibraltar in 1940 when he had no other military commitments. According to historian Charles Burdick, Hitler believed that “Spain was the key to Germany’s defeat.” In early 1945, as Germany was crumbling, Hitler himself stated that “taking advantage of the enthusiasm we had aroused in Spain and the shock to which we had subjected Britain, we ought to have attacked Gibraltar in the summer of 1940, immediately after the defeat of France.”
Hitler was possibly correct in this hindsight analysis. For after the summer of 1940, Great Britain was never again in danger of being invaded and defeated. The island nation eventually became a springboard for the second front, which led to Germany’s defeat.
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Digamos que acabo de... "adquirirlo" (guiño-guiño). En próximos días le iré echando un vistazo a ver si hay detalles interesantes. Gracias por ponerme sobre la pistaGaspacher escribió:sergiopl
Comentaste que no conocías datos sobre la producción y economía soviética. Existen varios libros escritos por Mark Harrison, como "Accounting for war; soviet production, employment, and the defence burden, 1940-1945"
Yo solo he podido ojear las versiones disponibles en google, así que si algún día adquieres alguno avisa y comenta...
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Comentarios y análisis sobre la carta que Hitler le envió a Mussolini al inicio de la Operación Barbarossa
Considero que esta carta sintetiza el pensamiento militar de cúpula del ejército alemán sobre las razones del ataque contra la Unión Soviética, su probable éxito y el porqué de no seguir con otra estrategia en el Mediterráneo o donde sea, a su vez considero interesante analizar la carta con los datos que hoy disponemos y las hipótesis erróneas bajo las cuales se tomó dicha decisión.
1. Razones para comenzar la Operación Barbarrosa
I belief—after seeing the latest Russian situation map and after appraisal of numerous other reports—that I cannot take the responsibility for waiting longer, and above all, I believe that there is no other way of obviating this danger—unless it be further waiting, which, however, would necessarily lead to disaster in this or the next year at the latest….. above all, that it will then be possible for us to secure a common food-supply base in the Ukraine for some time to come, which will furnish us such additional supplies as we may need in the future….. The partnership with the Soviet Union, in spite of the complete sincerity of the efforts to bring about a final conciliation, was nevertheless often very irksome to me, for in some way or other it seemed to me to be a break with my whole origin, my concepts, and my former obligations. I am happy now to be relieved of these mental agonies.
A este respecto, creo que Hitler se refería a la acumulación de fuerzas en la frontera soviética, así como a las reformas introducidas por Timoschenko en mayo de 1940, las cuales harían del Ejército Rojo una fuerza más efectiva hacia 1942, a la dependencia de Alemania de las importaciones desde la Unión Soviética de grano y petróleo con las cuales Hitler planeaba contar en poco tiempo si la operación tenia éxito y al hecho de que la URSS en 1940 supero el PBI de Alemania, un factor importante a tener en cuenta. Finalmente viene el problema ideológico, para Hitler no había ningún arreglo o acuerdo posible con el poder soviético, el pacto Molotov-Ribentrop fue para Hitler por una necesidad militar y económica inmediata.
2. Situación estratégica con el Imperio Británico
The situation: England has lost this war. ……England will be all the less ready for peace, for it will be able to pin its hopes on the Russian partner…….. We have no chance of eliminating America. But it does lie in our power to exclude Russia. The elimination of Russia means, at the same time, a tremendous relief for Japan in East Asia, and thereby the possibility of a much stronger threat to American activities through Japanese intervention.
Considero que este es un error fundamental de apreciación de Hitler o lo más probable una forma de calmar a Mussolini por las implicaciones que tendría la operación Barbarrosa sobre la guerra en el Mediterráneo y el Norte de África. Esta carta fue escrita apenas un mes después del hundimiento del Bismark, la ocupación de Siria, Iraq, Somalia y Etiopia por tropas Britanicas, todas ellas victorias estratégicas que destruyeron un activo fundamental de la armada alemana, limpiaron la retaguardia Británica de enemigos, abrían las vías de navegación como el mar Rojo al tránsito de buques mercantes y aseguraban el petróleo del medio oriente en manos británicas. Por lo tanto es ridículo que Hitler pueda afirmar y estar convencido que Inglaterra perdió la guerra. Por último y no menos importante, y era cierto Hitler esperaba con Barbarrosa sacarle a Inglaterra un aliado fundamental en su lucha con Alemania.
3. Situación estratégica con Francia
France is, as ever, not to be trusted. Absolute surety that North Africa will not suddenly desert does not exist…… In Syria, French resistance can hardly be maintained permanently either with or without our help.
Cierto y porque no tomo medidas? Otro error fundamental, un año y medio después, la Operación Antorcha mostraría el precio a pagar por dicho error.
En cuanto a Siria, lo mismo para Iraq. Si Hitler hubiera sacado partido de los sentimiento antibritánicos y dispuestos a pelear en esos países contra la ocupación británica, podría haber tenido aliados, petróleo y expulsado a los británicos hasta la India.
4. Situación estratégica de Italia en el Mediterraneo
North Africa itself, insofar as your colonies, Duce, are concerned, is probably out of danger until fall. I assume that the British, in their last attack, wanted to relieve Tobruk. I do not believe they will soon be in a position to repeat this……. An attack on Egypt before autumn is out of the question altogether. I consider it necessary, however, taking into account the whole situation, to give thought to the development of an operational unit in Tripoli itself which can, if necessary, also be launched against the West. …….. You, Duce, can give the decisive aid, however, by strengthening your forces in North Africa, also, if possible, looking from Tripoli toward the West, by proceeding further to build up a group which, though it be small at first, can march into France in case of a French violation of the treaty; and finally, by carrying the air war and, so far as it is possible, the submarine war, in intensified degree, into the Mediterranean.
Otro error fundamental, unos meses después, la operación Crusader mostraría otra realidad.
En cuanto a la creación de una fuerza italiana en Trípoli para avanzar hacia el oeste, estaba dispuesto Hitler a cerrar el Mediterráneo desde Libia hacia el Oeste? Así lo parece.
5. Situación estratégica de España
Spain is irresolute and—I am afraid—will take sides only when the outcome of the war is decided.
Aquí, Hitler realmente acierta. Posiblemente ya sabía de los sobornos que los británicos pagaban a la cúpula militar y eclesiástica de la dictadura de franco, aparte de la total incapacidad del ejército español cuya única hazaña militar durante la guerra fue la toma de Tánger. Y la total incapacidad, de tenerlo como aliado, para tomar Gibraltar, Portugal o defender la Canarias si era necesario sin ayuda Alemana o italiana. O sea era mejor dejar las cosas como están por el momento y sacar de España todo lo que en realidad era posible sacar, alimentos y materias primas.
6. Hipotesis para despues de Barbarrosa
Whatever may now come, Duce, our situation can become worse as a result of this step; it can only improve. Even if I should be obliged at the end of this year to leave 60 or 70 divisions in Russia, that is only a fraction of the forces that I am now continually using on the eastern front.
El error fundamental que le costó la guerra, medio año después, la contraofensiva de Moscú mostraría otra realidad. Pero cual eran las hipótesis que Hitler asumió para creer que la Operación Barbarrosa terminaría en 4 meses?
Considero que esta carta sintetiza el pensamiento militar de cúpula del ejército alemán sobre las razones del ataque contra la Unión Soviética, su probable éxito y el porqué de no seguir con otra estrategia en el Mediterráneo o donde sea, a su vez considero interesante analizar la carta con los datos que hoy disponemos y las hipótesis erróneas bajo las cuales se tomó dicha decisión.
1. Razones para comenzar la Operación Barbarrosa
I belief—after seeing the latest Russian situation map and after appraisal of numerous other reports—that I cannot take the responsibility for waiting longer, and above all, I believe that there is no other way of obviating this danger—unless it be further waiting, which, however, would necessarily lead to disaster in this or the next year at the latest….. above all, that it will then be possible for us to secure a common food-supply base in the Ukraine for some time to come, which will furnish us such additional supplies as we may need in the future….. The partnership with the Soviet Union, in spite of the complete sincerity of the efforts to bring about a final conciliation, was nevertheless often very irksome to me, for in some way or other it seemed to me to be a break with my whole origin, my concepts, and my former obligations. I am happy now to be relieved of these mental agonies.
A este respecto, creo que Hitler se refería a la acumulación de fuerzas en la frontera soviética, así como a las reformas introducidas por Timoschenko en mayo de 1940, las cuales harían del Ejército Rojo una fuerza más efectiva hacia 1942, a la dependencia de Alemania de las importaciones desde la Unión Soviética de grano y petróleo con las cuales Hitler planeaba contar en poco tiempo si la operación tenia éxito y al hecho de que la URSS en 1940 supero el PBI de Alemania, un factor importante a tener en cuenta. Finalmente viene el problema ideológico, para Hitler no había ningún arreglo o acuerdo posible con el poder soviético, el pacto Molotov-Ribentrop fue para Hitler por una necesidad militar y económica inmediata.
2. Situación estratégica con el Imperio Británico
The situation: England has lost this war. ……England will be all the less ready for peace, for it will be able to pin its hopes on the Russian partner…….. We have no chance of eliminating America. But it does lie in our power to exclude Russia. The elimination of Russia means, at the same time, a tremendous relief for Japan in East Asia, and thereby the possibility of a much stronger threat to American activities through Japanese intervention.
Considero que este es un error fundamental de apreciación de Hitler o lo más probable una forma de calmar a Mussolini por las implicaciones que tendría la operación Barbarrosa sobre la guerra en el Mediterráneo y el Norte de África. Esta carta fue escrita apenas un mes después del hundimiento del Bismark, la ocupación de Siria, Iraq, Somalia y Etiopia por tropas Britanicas, todas ellas victorias estratégicas que destruyeron un activo fundamental de la armada alemana, limpiaron la retaguardia Británica de enemigos, abrían las vías de navegación como el mar Rojo al tránsito de buques mercantes y aseguraban el petróleo del medio oriente en manos británicas. Por lo tanto es ridículo que Hitler pueda afirmar y estar convencido que Inglaterra perdió la guerra. Por último y no menos importante, y era cierto Hitler esperaba con Barbarrosa sacarle a Inglaterra un aliado fundamental en su lucha con Alemania.
3. Situación estratégica con Francia
France is, as ever, not to be trusted. Absolute surety that North Africa will not suddenly desert does not exist…… In Syria, French resistance can hardly be maintained permanently either with or without our help.
Cierto y porque no tomo medidas? Otro error fundamental, un año y medio después, la Operación Antorcha mostraría el precio a pagar por dicho error.
En cuanto a Siria, lo mismo para Iraq. Si Hitler hubiera sacado partido de los sentimiento antibritánicos y dispuestos a pelear en esos países contra la ocupación británica, podría haber tenido aliados, petróleo y expulsado a los británicos hasta la India.
4. Situación estratégica de Italia en el Mediterraneo
North Africa itself, insofar as your colonies, Duce, are concerned, is probably out of danger until fall. I assume that the British, in their last attack, wanted to relieve Tobruk. I do not believe they will soon be in a position to repeat this……. An attack on Egypt before autumn is out of the question altogether. I consider it necessary, however, taking into account the whole situation, to give thought to the development of an operational unit in Tripoli itself which can, if necessary, also be launched against the West. …….. You, Duce, can give the decisive aid, however, by strengthening your forces in North Africa, also, if possible, looking from Tripoli toward the West, by proceeding further to build up a group which, though it be small at first, can march into France in case of a French violation of the treaty; and finally, by carrying the air war and, so far as it is possible, the submarine war, in intensified degree, into the Mediterranean.
Otro error fundamental, unos meses después, la operación Crusader mostraría otra realidad.
En cuanto a la creación de una fuerza italiana en Trípoli para avanzar hacia el oeste, estaba dispuesto Hitler a cerrar el Mediterráneo desde Libia hacia el Oeste? Así lo parece.
5. Situación estratégica de España
Spain is irresolute and—I am afraid—will take sides only when the outcome of the war is decided.
Aquí, Hitler realmente acierta. Posiblemente ya sabía de los sobornos que los británicos pagaban a la cúpula militar y eclesiástica de la dictadura de franco, aparte de la total incapacidad del ejército español cuya única hazaña militar durante la guerra fue la toma de Tánger. Y la total incapacidad, de tenerlo como aliado, para tomar Gibraltar, Portugal o defender la Canarias si era necesario sin ayuda Alemana o italiana. O sea era mejor dejar las cosas como están por el momento y sacar de España todo lo que en realidad era posible sacar, alimentos y materias primas.
6. Hipotesis para despues de Barbarrosa
Whatever may now come, Duce, our situation can become worse as a result of this step; it can only improve. Even if I should be obliged at the end of this year to leave 60 or 70 divisions in Russia, that is only a fraction of the forces that I am now continually using on the eastern front.
El error fundamental que le costó la guerra, medio año después, la contraofensiva de Moscú mostraría otra realidad. Pero cual eran las hipótesis que Hitler asumió para creer que la Operación Barbarrosa terminaría en 4 meses?
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Hola.
Con respecto a la carta, para el que quiera leerla en castellano, se encuentra el el libro de Louis Snyder (La segunda guerra mundial).
Me da l impresión que no refleja la opinión imperante en el alto mando alemán, sino más bien la de hitler y su camarilla.
He leído que la mayor parte del estado mayor alemán era reacio a una guerra con la URSS (Raymond Cartier) , al menos antes del ataque del 21 de junio.
Con respecto a la carta, para el que quiera leerla en castellano, se encuentra el el libro de Louis Snyder (La segunda guerra mundial).
Me da l impresión que no refleja la opinión imperante en el alto mando alemán, sino más bien la de hitler y su camarilla.
He leído que la mayor parte del estado mayor alemán era reacio a una guerra con la URSS (Raymond Cartier) , al menos antes del ataque del 21 de junio.
- Obi Juan
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Quien te dijo que "Hitler y su camarilla" tenian planes diferentes de los del "el alto mando alemán"?Dambuster escribió:Me da l impresión que no refleja la opinión imperante en el alto mando alemán, sino más bien la de hitler y su camarilla.
La mayoria de las ordenes de crimenes y genocidio salieron de altos mandos del ejercito como: Von Manstein, Reichneau y otros.
Ademas con ordenes o sin ordenes, los soldados de la whermacht y sus aliados mataron, robaron y violaron a mansalva en el Este, Oeste y los países ocupados sin esperar por ningun tipo de ordenes.
Te recomiendo los libros de Bersgtrom: Operación Barbarroja y La batalla de la Ardenas de Beevor para que te des una idea superficial de como realmente fue la segunda guerra.
- Obi Juan
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Ene este foro no solo participan españoles sino gente de muchos otros países, lo cuales no conocen cual era la situación de España en ese momento histórico (1939-1945), por lo cual es positivo mostrar información y datos reales, mucho mas teniendo en cuenta las hipótesis que se hacen sobre una posible participación de España en la segunda guerra del lado del eje.tercioidiaquez escribió:Parece que hay quien está descubriendo ahora lo jodida que estuvo España en la posguerra. Para eso no hace falta enlaces, lo podemos contar nosotros...
- tercioidiaquez
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
En este foro participa mucha gente. Y algunos tienen ideas muy peregrinas sobre determinados momentos de la historia. Y los hay que incluso tratan de sentar cátedra sobre hechos conocidos por la gran mayoría de esos foristas aunque sea retorciendo la verdad. Sus motivaciones, sean las que sean solo las conocen ellos. Pero vistos los antecedentes es relativamente fácil adivinirlas.
Fíjate, hay quien dice que no había suficientes mantas...
Fíjate, hay quien dice que no había suficientes mantas...
“…Las piezas de campaña se perdieron; bandera de español ninguna…” Duque de Alba tras la batalla de Heiligerlee.
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Obi Juan escribió:Quien te dijo que "Hitler y su camarilla" tenian planes diferentes de los del "el alto mando alemán"?Dambuster escribió:Me da l impresión que no refleja la opinión imperante en el alto mando alemán, sino más bien la de hitler y su camarilla.
La mayoria de las ordenes de crimenes y genocidio salieron de altos mandos del ejercito como: Von Manstein, Reichneau y otros.
Ademas con ordenes o sin ordenes, los soldados de la whermacht y sus aliados mataron, robaron y violaron a mansalva en el Este, Oeste y los países ocupados sin esperar por ningun tipo de ordenes.
Te recomiendo los libros de Bersgtrom: Operación Barbarroja y La batalla de la Ardenas de Beevor para que te des una idea superficial de como realmente fue la segunda guerra.
Buenas.
Vos escribiste esto:
"Considero que esta carta sintetiza el pensamiento militar de cúpula del ejército alemán sobre las razones del ataque contra la Unión Soviética, su probable éxito y el porqué de no seguir con otra estrategia en el Mediterráneo o donde sea, a su vez considero interesante analizar la carta con los datos que hoy disponemos y las hipótesis erróneas bajo las cuales se tomó dicha decisión".
No soy yo el que ha tomado una carta pergueñada por hitler como un documento racionalmente elaborado, que pueda servir para generar explicaciones sobre el pasado. Cualquier argumento que pueda haberle dado hitler a su compinche italiano, es irrelevante, para mí.
Los únicos que seguro pensaban lo mismo que hitler eran Keitel, Jodl, y los generales hitlerianos como Reichenau, Hübner, etc.
En tu comentario citado por mí, te referaís al "pensamiento militar de la cúpula", y yo en mi respuesta hice mención a las "opiniones del alto mando". No sé de donde sacás la conclusión de que me refiero a los "planes"
Si lees con atención mi respuesta anterior a tus comentarios, podrás comprender que hago referencia a la falta de entusiasmo del alto mando alemán respecto del ataque a la URSS, antes de su comienzo. No estábamos hablando sobre los crímenes que cometieron.
Gracias por las recomendaciones, pero tengo idea desde muy chico sobre lo que fue la guerra.
Saludos
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Ya que estamos, retribuyo recomendándote que leas el libro de Raymond Cartier
- Obi Juan
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Yo no sé muchas cosas, es verdad.tercioidiaquez escribió:En este foro participa mucha gente. Y algunos tienen ideas muy peregrinas sobre determinados momentos de la historia. Y los hay que incluso tratan de sentar cátedra sobre hechos conocidos por la gran mayoría de esos foristas aunque sea retorciendo la verdad. Sus motivaciones, sean las que sean solo las conocen ellos. Pero vistos los antecedentes es relativamente fácil adivinirlas.
Fíjate, hay quien dice que no había suficientes mantas...
Digo tan sólo lo que he visto.
Y he visto:
que la cuna del hombre la mecen con cuentos,
que los gritos de angustia del hombre los ahogan con cuentos,
que el llanto del hombre lo taponan con cuentos,
que los huesos del hombre los entierran con cuentos,
y que el miedo del hombre...
ha inventado todos los cuentos.
Yo no sé muchas cosas, es verdad,
pero me han dormido con todos los cuentos...
y sé todos los cuentos.
Leon Felipe, Poeta
- Obi Juan
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
En lo personal me resulta chocante al ver la diferencia cultural con la que se enfrenta y reconoce el pasado (en muchos aspectos muy similar) en Italia y España.
Es fácil ver que en Italia se reconoce plenamente que durante la guerra y posteriormente a ella, se paso hambre, violencia, prostitución y corrupción a gran escala. Muchos relatos y películas como "Cinema Paradiso", ladrón de bicicletas, Malena y Arroz amargo así lo reconocen, sin ningún tipo de trauma ni resentimiento.
Ahora cuando se menciona frente a un español que en los años de la guerra se paso hambre, se vivió una violencia criminal promovida por la curia o que el liderazgo militar estaba compuesto por unos corruptos y traidores, se lo toman como una ofensa personal, como si eso fueran mentiras de un enemigos al acecho, sin capacidad para reconocer la sociedad en la que vivieron.
Realmente me dan lastima.
Es fácil ver que en Italia se reconoce plenamente que durante la guerra y posteriormente a ella, se paso hambre, violencia, prostitución y corrupción a gran escala. Muchos relatos y películas como "Cinema Paradiso", ladrón de bicicletas, Malena y Arroz amargo así lo reconocen, sin ningún tipo de trauma ni resentimiento.
Ahora cuando se menciona frente a un español que en los años de la guerra se paso hambre, se vivió una violencia criminal promovida por la curia o que el liderazgo militar estaba compuesto por unos corruptos y traidores, se lo toman como una ofensa personal, como si eso fueran mentiras de un enemigos al acecho, sin capacidad para reconocer la sociedad en la que vivieron.
Realmente me dan lastima.
- Ismael
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¿Tenia Alemania alguna posibilidad de ganar la SGM?
Claro, y películas españolas sobre la guerra civil o la postguerra no hay ni una, oigan.
Si Dios me hubiere consultado sobre el sistema del universo, le habría dado unas cuantas ideas (Alfonso X el Sabio)
Debemos perdonar a nuestros enemigos, pero nunca antes de que los cuelguen (H.Heine)
Debemos perdonar a nuestros enemigos, pero nunca antes de que los cuelguen (H.Heine)
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