Lo que necesita realmente Ucrania, es poner a servicio del país en si a los armamentos, tanto los tanques, como los aviones, vehiculos blindados, etc... si no hacen eso, nadie les va a comprar nada.
Lo curioso es que todas las ventas de segunda mano de Ucrania han sido de T-72 en lo que se refiere a tanques. No parece que hayan vendido T-64 de segunda mano.
Aqui hay un articulo comparando el T-80 y T-90. Quizas Bogdan y Alexey nos puedan hacer un resumen. Segun los rusos el T-80U necesita 3 veces mas vehiculos de combustible para avanzar que un T-90.
http://forums.bharat-rakshak.com/viewtopic.php?p=502780Mirar el archivo pdf donde pone "This is the first two parts of the article:"
Finalmente, Ucrania ofrecio el T-84 a Turquia, Grecia y Malasia. En la evaluacion de Turquia el T-84 fue juzgado como poco maduro, en Turquia hubo maniobras politicas (que siempre las hay).
BACKDOOR GAMES AROUND TURKISH TANK TENDER
Switzerland may foil Ukraine's chances of winning Turkish tank tender
Following the failure of Antonov An-70 military cargo aircraft to win a tender for Europe's air forces, Kyiv switched its attention to Ankara, who had announced plans to spend $4-4.5 billion on a program to organize the manufacture of 1,000 main battle tanks at Turkish factories. A prospect to gain a share in that program looks very attractive to Kyiv, the more so because earlier this year it had managed to sign a big enough contract with another member of the NATO alliance. While before experts feared Ukraine's assault on the Turkish tank market may flop because of strained relations between Ankara and Athens, then today, when clear signs of a thaw become visible in relations between the two NATO member nations, new hazards have cropped up on the horizon. With the tender coming to an end, the fight for the victory revealed problems, which used to be cleverly camouflaged.
Turkey is arming
Turkey's army modernization program, on which Ankara is planning to spend $150 billion within the next 30 years, is one of the most extensive programs on the planet, and it is reasonable that the program attracts practically all leading arms manufacturers of the world. Not only Ankara is planning to provide 1,000 new tanks for its army, but also intends to obtain 145 attack helicopters (which, by the way, could be outfitted with engines of Ukraine's Motor-Sich aircraft engine maker). Also the Turkish Defense Department would like to obtain early-warning airplanes, five frigates, six diesel-fueled submarines, 12 corvettes, 3,000 armored vehicles etc, etc, etc. Even last year's devastating earthquakes did not curb appetites of the Turkish army command. But the earthquakes are likely to be the reason why decisions as to the winners of the tank and helicopter tenders had been delayed several times.
Tank race
During six months, from early February till late July of this year, four tanks - French Leclerc manufactured by JIAT Industry, German Leopard-2A6 of Kraus-Maffey, U.S. M1A2 of General Dynamics Land Systems, and, finally, Ukraine's T-84 of the Imeny Malysheva tank maker -- were competing for the privilege to find favor in the eyes of Turkish military experts.
According to Mykhail Borisyuk, Ukraine's General Tank Designer, the Ukrainian vehicle has successfully passed all the three tests, displaying high reliability and capacity to compete. To compete in the final examination - firing test - Ukraine presented a new in principle modification of T-84, which "came as a complete surprise to other contenders, and arose much interest on the part of tank experts." The model is equipped with new self-loading mechanism, a 120-mm cannon meeting NATO standards, as well as guided missiles - all designed by Ukrainian developing engineers. The new modification, if upgraded to meet requirements of and accepted by the Turkish Defense Department, could be renamed Yatagan, and could well serve as the basic tank of the Turkish Armed Forces.
Serhiy Samoylenko, Director of the arms trading company Progress, which is affiliated with UkrSpetsExport, echoed Borisyuk in his assessment of the Ukrainian tank's performance at the Turkish tender. He says T-84 outperformed its rivals in such tests as zigzag driving, mount climbing and stream crossing. Besides, Turkish experts admit the Ukrainian vehicle is best fit to operate in extreme temperature conditions (the first test put the tanks through trials of highland and low-temperature conditions).
Ukraine, unlike other rivals, agreed to compete in all tests without fail. The U.S. crew, for example, declined to compete in the stream crossing test, which provided for crossing a five-meter-deep stream with silencing engine for a certain period of time. They say the U.S.A. had failed to present a diesel-engine tank to compete in the tender. Instead, it offers lucrative terms for the supply of its armored vehicles to Turkey.
Pure politics
It is secret to nobody that big politics appears to play much bigger role than test results when at stake is destiny of such a big-scale contract. As for Turkish government's strategy vis-a-vis defense orders, it is known to be too sensitive to criticism. Ankara has even made a "black list", on which an Italian tank - which was originally supposed to compete in the tender - had found itself.
Although Kyiv has not sold its weapons to Ankara yet, friendly relations established between the two nations. According to Ukraine's Ambassador to Turkey Oleksnadr Motsyk, last year's Ukraine-Turkey trade turnover exceeded $1 billion, while in the first few months of this year alone that figure rose by five percent. Even the Ukrainian parliament's statement denouncing death sentence to Ocalan passed unheeded to Ankara. Kyiv could take advantage of its own readiness to sell Turkey far more technologies and know-how than western nations. The price of the Ukrainian vehicle, which is almost two-fold less expensive than its western equivalents, rivaling them in quality, could play a role of its own.
One could hardly regard Turkey's relations with its western partners to be cloudless. On the one hand, Ankara is desperately keen to win EU membership, on which it has met with solid support from the USA. On the other hand, Europeans are clearly reluctant to sell weapons and arms production technologies to Ankara. For example, despite the fact that the Turkish Army command seems very keen on Germany's Leopard-2A6, the Turkish coalition government, apparently impressed by fierce rallies in Germany against human rights violations in Turkey, seemed to begin doubting whether it is worthwhile falling in dependence on Germany for armored vehicle supplies.
The other obstacle on Turkey's path to European contracts are economic difficulties. At issue is the Turkey-IMF three-year economic stabilization program, providing for curbing inflation, which runs to 65 percent to date. But Ankara seems to be reluctant to reduce defense expenditures thus far.
Intervention from the outside
First, at issue is the high-profile statement made by Swiss Foreign Minister Joseph Deiss during his most recent official visit to Kyiv earlier this month. Mr Deiss reiterated Swiss government's demand that Ukraine should not export tanks equipped with Swiss-made cannons other than by previous agreement with Switzerland. "We have no problems with Ukraine .., but we don't want our cannons send to undesirable countries." He said Swiss laws prohibit military exports to warring countries or the ones disrespecting human rights. Switzerland would not like to have its arms export laws circumvented with the help of third countries, Mr Deiss emphasized.
It should be recalled in that context that in the fall of last year, Kharkiv's Imeny Morozova tank design bureau, using UkrSpetsExport as an agent, signed a contract with Swiss Ordinance Enterprise Corp. to work together to make a prototype 120-mm tank cannon comparable with NATO standards. But Ukraine's chances of winning a tank contract with Turkey may reduce to zero, if Ukrainian tank designers fail to prove their capability to independently make a prototype NATO-standard tank cannon, or if Turkey fails to repulse accusations of disrespecting human rights.
True enough, there is a third actor in that play, that is Russia. It should be recalled that it was precisely due to the lack of a reliable NATO-standard cannon that Russia had to miss the Turkish tender. Besides, Moscow managed to export a meager 74 tanks over the past ten years, against Kyiv's 320 tanks. Add to this Russia's failure to win a tender for the supply of attack helicopters to the Turkish army, whose command eventually decided in the favor of a U.S. helicopter.
A Ukrainian newspaper based in Kyiv has recently published an article speculating on what Russia may lose should Ukraine manage to win a tank contract with Turkey. Firstly, the newspaper says, citing Russian secret services, "development of Ukraine-Turkey strategic partnership stimulates financial investments in projects carried out on the Turkish government initiative in other countries in the region, which will eventually strengthen Turkey's positions as a regional leader." Therefore, Moscow seems to regard cooperation in military technology between Ukraine and Turkey to be "spearheaded against Russia". Moscow is also unhappy about the prospect of Izmir evolving into a big regional defense industry center due to cooperation between Asmas and BMS companies with Ukrainian defense plants.
We shall wait till next January or February - when the Turkish Army command is going to announce the winners of the tank tender-- to see whether Moscow has a stake in putting the breaks on the development of Kyiv-Ankara strategic partnership.
(Valentyn Badrak, Center for Army, Conversion and Disarmament Studies, Nov 4)
aunque sean ficticios.
El T-90 tiene una proteccion dinámica superior al Abrams, que solo cuenta con una armadura de uranio empobrecido, que según el artículo, es dañina para el equipaje del tanque yanqui.
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